懶貓的碎碎念天堂

This is my seminar at  2006/11/28
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Science 21 July 2006:Vol. 313. no. 5785, pp. 320 - 324
A Distinct Small RNA Pathway Silences Selfish Genetic Elements in the Germline
Vasily V. Vagin, Alla Sigova, Chengjian Li, Hervé Seitz, Vladimir Gvozdev, Phillip D. Zamore

來到台北參加國際性的大型研討會 -- Asia Pacific Bioinformatic Conferance 2006

已經到了第三天，Conferance 的部分算是結束了，很深刻的一個感覺 -- 自己的英文好濫  >"<

聽正統的英文演講已經非常吃力，輪到日本人、韓國人跟香港人口音較重的時候，更是完全呈現 "鴨子聽雷" 狀態.... 又不能睡給他看，所以覺得特別累 QQ

發覺生物資訊這一塊領域很多 IT 背景的人，講到程式..公式..語法....又是一陣天旋地轉，我的媽押~~~ 生物背景的人還真的是少之又少

內心一直在衡量是否要選擇生物資訊這條路當未來五年的研究方向?

嗯......得再好好的想一想.........

(D)RNA = (Deoxy)ribose nucleic acid

It has 3 components:

1. a nitrogenous base : purine (A,G) or pyrimidine (T,C) is linked at position 1 on a pentose sugar.
2. a sugar : DNA has 2'-deoxyribose where as RNA has ribose (OH group at potition 2 on pentose ring).
3. and a phosphate : The sugar can be linked by its 5' position to a phosphate group or 3' position to next nucleic acid's phosphate. (direction : 5' --> 3')

*DNA contains A,G, C, T, while RNA contains A, G, C, U.

DNA is a double heliex : Base pairing (A=T;G≡C), Complementary, Antiparallel

A helix is said to be right-handed if the turns runs clockwise along the helical axis.

The sugar-phosphate backbone is on the outside and carries negative charges on the phosphate groups. When DNA is in solution in vitro, the charges are neutralized by the binding of metal ions, typically by Na^+.

The genome is the complete set of sequences in the genetic material of an organism. It includes the sequence of each chromosome plus any DNA in organelles.  基因體是指整個生物體的遺傳物質，包含染色體序列以及組成蛋白質。ex.  In human, include (1) nulcear genome, (2) mitochondria genome.

A gene (cistron) is the segment of DNA specifying production of a polypeptide chain; it includes regions preceding and following the coding region (leader and trailer) as well as intervening sequences (introns) between individual coding segments (exons). Thus a gene is a sequence of DNA that codes for an RNA; in protein-coding genes, the RNA in turn codes for a protein.  基因最簡單的定義就是一段可以轉譯出 RNA 且此 RNA 可以轉錄出蛋白質的 DNA 片段。

An allele is one of several alternative forms of a gene occupying a given locus on a chromosome. 對偶基因指的是一些在染色體上相對的基因。

A locus is the position on a chromosome at which the gene for a particular trait resides; a locus may be occupied by any one of the alleles for the gene. Locus 指的是基因位在染色體上的位置。

GENE VIII 第一章 genes are DNA -- 開宗明義的指出 DNA 為遺傳物質。

*DNA 為細菌遺傳物質。1928 年，Griffith 利用 pneumococcus 證明 bacteria transformation。 ( living R + killed S pneumococcus => killed mice )   R= rough   S= smooth